Selected Research Papers
in Internet Censorship

CensorBib is an online archive of selected research papers in the field of Internet censorship. Most papers on CensorBib approach the topic from a technical angle, by proposing designs that circumvent censorship systems, or by measuring how censorship works. The icons next to each paper make it easy to download, cite, and link to papers. If you think I missed a paper, let me know. You can sort papers by year, reverse year (default), author, and reverse author. Finally, the net4people/bbs forum has reading groups for many of the papers listed below.

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A Study of China's Censorship and Its Evasion Through the Lens of Online Gaming
Yuzhou Feng, Ruyu Zhai, Radu Sion, Bogdan Carbunar
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2023, USENIX
DeResistor: Toward Detection-Resistant Probing for Evasion of Internet Censorship
Abderrahmen Amich, Birhanu Eshete, Vinod Yegneswaran, Nguyen Phong Hoang
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2023, USENIX
Network Responses to Russia's Invasion of Ukraine in 2022: A Cautionary Tale for Internet Freedom
Reethika Ramesh, Ram Sundara Raman, Apurva Virkud, Alexandra Dirksen, Armin Huremagic, David Fifield, Dirk Rodenburg, Rod Hynes, Doug Madory, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2023, USENIX
How the Great Firewall of China Detects and Blocks Fully Encrypted Traffic
Mingshi Wu, Jackson Sippe, Danesh Sivakumar, Jack Burg, Peter Anderson, Xiaokang Wang, Kevin Bock, Amir Houmansadr, Dave Levin, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2023, USENIX
Measuring and Evading Turkmenistan's Internet Censorship
Sadia Nourin, Van Tran, Xi Jiang, Kevin Bock, Nick Feamster, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: The International World Wide Web Conference, 2023, ACM
TELEPATH: A Minecraft-based Covert Communication System
Zhen Sun, Vitaly Shmatikov
In Proc. of: Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2023, IEEE
Destination Unreachable: Characterizing Internet Outages and Shutdowns
Zachary S. Bischof, Kennedy Pitcher, Esteban Carisimo, Amanda Meng, Rafael Bezerra Nunes, Ramakrishna Padmanabhan, Margaret E. Roberts, Alex C. Snoeren, Alberto Dainotti
In Proc. of: SIGCOMM, 2023, ACM
Augmenting Rule-based DNS Censorship Detection at Scale with Machine Learning
Jacob Brown, Xi Jiang, Van Tran, Arjun Nitin Bhagoji, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Nick Feamster, Prateek Mittal, Vinod Yegneswaran
In Proc. of: Knowledge Discovery And Data Mining, 2023, ACM
A Worldwide View of Nation-state Internet Censorship
Alexander Master, Christina Garman
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
The Use of Push Notification in Censorship Circumvention
Diwen Xue, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Detecting Network Interference Without Endpoint Participation
Sadia Nourin, Kevin Bock, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Running a high-performance pluggable transports Tor bridge
David Fifield, Linus Nordberg
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Russian Transit Censorship
Aaron Ortwein, Kevin Bock, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Proteus: Programmable Protocols for Censorship Circumvention
Ryan Wails, Rob Jansen, Aaron Johnson, Micah Sherr
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Voiceover: Censorship-Circumventing Protocol Tunnels with Generative Modeling
Watson Jia, Joseph Eichenhofer, Liang Wang, Prateek Mittal
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Crowdsourcing the Discovery of Server-side Censorship Evasion Strategies
Nhi Tran, Kevin Bock, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
CensorWatch: On the Implementation of Online Censorship in India
Divyank Katira, Gurshabad Grover, Kushagra Singh, Varun Bansal
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Chasing Shadows: A security analysis of the ShadowTLS proxy
Gaukas Wang, Anonymous, Jackson Sippe, Hai Chi, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Security Notions for Fully Encrypted Protocols
Ellis Fenske, Aaron Johnson
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Advancing the Art of Censorship Data Analysis
Ram Sundara Raman, Apurva Virkud, Sarah Laplante, Vinicius Fortuna, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2023,
Comments on certain past cryptographic flaws affecting fully encrypted censorship circumvention protocols
David Fifield
Technical Report, 2023,
Lox: Protecting the Social Graph in Bridge Distribution
Lindsey Tulloch, Ian Goldberg
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2023.1, 2023,
Dolphin: A Cellular Voice Based Internet Shutdown Resistance System
Piyush Kumar Sharma, Rishi Sharma, Kartikey Singh, Mukulika Maity, Sambuddho Chakravarty
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2023.1, 2023,

Darwin's Theory of Censorship: Analysing the Evolution of Censored Topics with Dynamic Topic Models
Asim Waheed, Sara Qunaibi, Diogo Barradas, Zachary Weinberg
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2022, ACM
Many Roads Lead To Rome: How Packet Headers Influence DNS Censorship Measurement
Abhishek Bhaskar, Paul Pearce
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2022, USENIX
GET /out: Automated Discovery of Application-Layer Censorship Evasion Strategies
Michael Harrity, Kevin Bock, Frederick Sell, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2022, USENIX
OpenVPN is Open to VPN Fingerprinting
Diwen Xue, Reethika Ramesh, Arham Jain, Michalis Kallitsis, J. Alex Halderman, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2022, USENIX
Measuring the Accessibility of Domain Name Encryption and Its Impact on Internet Filtering
Nguyen Phong Hoang, Michalis Polychronakis, Phillipa Gill
In Proc. of: Passive and Active Measurement Conference, 2022, Springer
TSPU: Russia's Decentralized Censorship System
Diwen Xue, Benjamin Mixon-Baca, ValdikSS, Anna Ablove, Beau Kujath, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2022, ACM
Network Measurement Methods for Locating and Examining Censorship Devices
Ram Sundara Raman, Mona Wang, Jakub Dalek, Jonathan Mayer, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, 2022, ACM
Stegozoa: Enhancing WebRTC Covert Channels with Video Steganography for Internet Censorship Circumvention
Gabriel Figueira, Diogo Barradas, Nuno Santos
In Proc. of: Asia CCS, 2022, ACM
COVID-19 increased censorship circumvention and access to sensitive topics in China
Keng-Chi Chang, William R. Hobbs, Margaret E. Roberts, Zachary C. Steinert-Threlkeld
Article in: PNAS 119.4, 2022, National Academy of Sciences

OUStralopithecus: Overt User Simulation for Censorship Circumvention
Anna Harbluk Lorimer, Lindsey Tulloch, Cecylia Bocovich, Ian Goldberg
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2021, ACM
Your Censor is My Censor: Weaponizing Censorship Infrastructure for Availability Attacks
Kevin Bock, Pranav Bharadwaj, Jasraj Singh, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Workshop on Offensive Technologies, 2021, IEEE
Understanding Internet Censorship in Europe: The Case of Spain
Vasilis Ververis, Tatiana Ermakova, Marios Isaakidis, Simone Basso, Benjamin Fabian, Stefania Milan
In Proc. of: Web Science Conference, 2021, ACM
Chinese Wall or Swiss Cheese? Keyword filtering in the Great Firewall of China
Raymond Rambert, Zachary Weinberg, Diogo Barradas, Nicolas Christin
In Proc. of: WWW, 2021, ACM
Domain Shadowing: Leveraging Content Delivery Networks for Robust Blocking-Resistant Communications
Mingkui Wei
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2021, USENIX
Weaponizing Middleboxes for TCP Reflected Amplification
Kevin Bock, Abdulrahman Alaraj, Yair Fax, Kyle Hurley, Eric Wustrow, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2021, USENIX
How Great is the Great Firewall? Measuring China's DNS Censorship
Nguyen Phong Hoang, Arian Akhavan Niaki, Jakub Dalek, Jeffrey Knockel, Pellaeon Lin, Bill Marczak, Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Phillipa Gill, Michalis Polychronakis
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2021, USENIX
Balboa: Bobbing and Weaving around Network Censorship
Marc B. Rosen, James Parker, Alex J. Malozemoff
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2021, USENIX
Throttling Twitter: an emerging censorship technique in Russia
Diwen Xue, Reethika Ramesh, ValdikSS, Leonid Evdokimov, Andrey Viktorov, Arham Jain, Eric Wustrow, Simone Basso, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2021, ACM
Web censorship measurements of HTTP/3 over QUIC
Kathrin Elmenhorst, Bertram Schütz, Nils Aschenbruck, Simone Basso
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2021, ACM
A multi-perspective view of Internet censorship in Myanmar
Ramakrishna Padmanabhan, Arturo Filastò, Maria Xynou, Ram Sundara Raman, Kennedy Middleton, Mingwei Zhang, Doug Madory, Molly Roberts, Alberto Dainotti
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2021, ACM
Measuring QQMail's Automated Email Censorship in China
Jeffrey Knockel, Lotus Ruan
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2021, ACM
Exploring Simple Detection Techniques for DNS-over-HTTPS Tunnels
Carmen Kwan, Paul Janiszewski, Shela Qiu, Cathy Wang, Cecylia Bocovich
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2021, ACM
Even Censors Have a Backup: Examining China's Double HTTPS Censorship Middleboxes
Kevin Bock, Gabriel Naval, Kyle Reese, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2021, ACM
BlindTLS: Circumventing TLS-Based HTTPS Censorship
Sambhav Satija, Rahul Chatterjee
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2021, ACM
Measuring DoT/DoH blocking using OONI Probe: a preliminary study
Simone Basso
In Proc. of: DNS Privacy Workshop, 2021, The Internet Society
Meteor: Cryptographically Secure Steganography for Realistic Distributions
Gabriel Kaptchuk, Tushar M. Jois, Matthew Green, Aviel D. Rubin
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2021, ACM
Camoufler: Accessing The Censored Web By Utilizing Instant Messaging Channels
Piyush Kumar Sharma, Devashish Gosain, Sambuddho Chakravarty
In Proc. of: Asia CCS, 2021, ACM
Too Close for Comfort: Morasses of (Anti-) Censorship in the Era of CDNs
Devashish Gosain, Mayank Mohindra, Sambuddho Chakravarty
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2021.2, 2021, Sciendo

How India Censors the Web
Kushagra Singh, Gurshabad Grover, Varun Bansal
In Proc. of: Web Science, 2020, ACM
ICLab: A Global, Longitudinal Internet Censorship Measurement Platform
Arian Akhavan Niaki, Shinyoung Cho, Zachary Weinberg, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Abbas Razaghpanah, Nicolas Christin, Phillipa Gill
In Proc. of: Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2020, IEEE
Come as You Are: Helping Unmodified Clients Bypass Censorship with Server-side Evasion
Kevin Bock, George Hughey, Louis-Henri Merino, Tania Arya, Daniel Liscinsky, Regina Pogosian, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: SIGCOMM, 2020, ACM
SymTCP: Eluding Stateful Deep Packet Inspection with Automated Discrepancy Discovery
Zhongjie Wang, Shitong Zhu, Yue Cao, Zhiyun Qian, Chengyu Song, Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy, Kevin S. Chan, Tracy D. Braun
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2020, The Internet Society
MassBrowser: Unblocking the Censored Web for the Masses, by the Masses
Milad Nasr, Hadi Zolfaghari, Amir Houmansadr, Amirhossein Ghafari
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2020, The Internet Society
Detecting Probe-resistant Proxies
Sergey Frolov, Jack Wampler, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2020, The Internet Society
Measuring the Deployment of Network Censorship Filters at Global Scale
Ram Sundara Raman, Adrian Stoll, Jakub Dalek, Reethika Ramesh, Will Scott, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2020, The Internet Society
Decentralized Control: A Case Study of Russia
Reethika Ramesh, Ram Sundara Raman, Matthew Bernhard, Victor Ongkowijaya, Leonid Evdokimov, Anne Edmundson, Steven Sprecher, Muhammad Ikram, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2020, The Internet Society
How China Detects and Blocks Shadowsocks
Alice, Bob, Carol, Jan Beznazwy, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2020, ACM
Investigating Large Scale HTTPS Interception in Kazakhstan
Ram Sundara Raman, Leonid Evdokimov, Eric Wustrow, J. Alex Halderman, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2020, ACM
MIMIQ: Masking IPs with Migration in QUIC
Yashodhar Govil, Liang Wang, Jennifer Rexford
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
Opening Digital Borders Cautiously yet Decisively: Digital Filtering in Saudi Arabia
Fatemah Alharbi, Michalis Faloutsos, Nael Abu-Ghazaleh
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
Triplet Censors: Demystifying Great Firewall's DNS Censorship Behavior
Anonymous, Arian Akhavan Niaki, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Phillipa Gill, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
Slitheen++: Stealth TLS-based Decoy Routing
Benedikt Birtel, Christian Rossow
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
Detecting and Evading Censorship-in-Depth: A Case Study of Iran's Protocol Filter
Kevin Bock, Yair Fax, Kyle Reese, Jasraj Singh, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
Turbo Tunnel, a good way to design censorship circumvention protocols
David Fifield
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
HTTPT: A Probe-Resistant Proxy
Sergey Frolov, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2020, USENIX
Towards a Scalable Censorship-Resistant Overlay Network based on WebRTC Covert Channels
Diogo Barradas, Nuno Santos
In Proc. of: Distributed Infrastructure for Common Good, 2020, ACM
Poking a Hole in the Wall: Efficient Censorship-Resistant Internet Communications by Parasitizing on WebRTC
Diogo Barradas, Nuno Santos, Luís Rodrigues, Vítor Nunes
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2020, ACM
Censored Planet: An Internet-wide, Longitudinal Censorship Observatory
Ram Sundara Raman, Prerana Shenoy, Katharina Kohls, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2020, ACM
Characterizing Transnational Internet Performance and the Great Bottleneck of China
Pengxiong Zhu, Keyu Man, Zhongjie Wang, Zhiyun Qian, Roya Ensafi, J. Alex Halderman, Haixin Duan
Article in: Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 4.1, 2020, ACM
SiegeBreaker: An SDN Based Practical Decoy Routing System
Piyush Kumar Sharma, Devashish Gosain, Himanshu Sagar, Chaitanya Kumar, Aneesh Dogra, Vinayak Naik, H. B. Acharya, Sambuddho Chakravarty
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020.3, 2020, Sciendo
Running Refraction Networking for Real
Benjamin VanderSloot, Sergey Frolov, Jack Wampler, Sze Chuen Tan, Irv Simpson, Michalis Kallitsis, J. Alex Halderman, Nikita Borisov, Eric Wustrow
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020.3, 2020, Sciendo
MoneyMorph: Censorship Resistant Rendezvous using Permissionless Cryptocurrencies
Mohsen Minaei, Pedro Moreno-Sanchez, Aniket Kate
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2020.3, 2020, Sciendo
Protocol Proxy: An FTE-based covert channel
Jonathan Oakley, Lu Yu, Xingsi Zhong, Ganesh Kumar Venayagamoorthy, Richard Brooks
Article in: Computers & Security 92., 2020, Elsevier

Shedding Light on Mobile App Store Censorship
Vasilis Ververis, Marios Isaakidis, Valentin Weber, Benjamin Fabian
In Proc. of: User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization, 2019, ACM
Enemy At the Gateways: Censorship-Resilient Proxy Distribution Using Game Theory
Milad Nasr, Sadegh Farhang, Amir Houmansadr, Jens Grossklags
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2019, The Internet Society
The use of TLS in Censorship Circumvention
Sergey Frolov, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2019, The Internet Society
Distributed Detection of Tor Directory Authorities Censorship in Mexico
Gunnar Eyal Wolf Iszaevich
In Proc. of: International Conference on Networks, 2019, IARIA
Improving Meek With Adversarial Techniques
Steven R. Sheffey, Ferrol Aderholdt
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2019, USENIX
On the Importance of Encrypted-SNI (ESNI) to Censorship Circumvention
Zimo Chai, Amirhossein Ghafari, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2019, USENIX
An Efficient Method to Determine which Combination of Keywords Triggered Automatic Filtering of a Message
Ruohan Xiong, Jeffrey Knockel
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2019, USENIX
Measuring I2P Censorship at a Global Scale
Nguyen Phong Hoang, Sadie Doreen, Michalis Polychronakis
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2019, USENIX
Conjure: Summoning Proxies from Unused Address Space
Sergey Frolov, Jack Wampler, Sze Chuen Tan, J. Alex Halderman, Nikita Borisov, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2019, ACM
Geneva: Evolving Censorship Evasion Strategies
Kevin Bock, George Hughey, Xiao Qiang, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2019, ACM

On Identifying Anomalies in Tor Usage with Applications in Detecting Internet Censorship
Joss Wright, Alexander Darer, Oliver Farnan
In Proc. of: Web Science, 2018, ACM
Effective Detection of Multimedia Protocol Tunneling using Machine Learning
Diogo Barradas, Nuno Santos, Luís Rodrigues
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2018, USENIX
Quack: Scalable Remote Measurement of Application-Layer Censorship
Benjamin VanderSloot, Allison McDonald, Will Scott, J. Alex Halderman, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2018, USENIX
Incentivizing Censorship Measurements via Circumvention
Aqib Nisar, Aqsa Kashaf, Ihsan Ayyub Qazi, Zartash Afzal Uzmi
In Proc. of: SIGCOMM, 2018, ACM
Where The Light Gets In: Analyzing Web Censorship Mechanisms in India
Tarun Kumar Yadav, Akshat Sinha, Devashish Gosain, Piyush Kumar Sharma, Sambuddho Chakravarty
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2018, ACM
403 Forbidden: A Global View of CDN Geoblocking
Allison McDonald, Matthew Bernhard, Luke Valenta, Benjamin VanderSloot, Will Scott, Nick Sullivan, J. Alex Halderman, Roya Ensafi
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2018, ACM
An Empirical Study of the I2P Anonymity Network and its Censorship Resistance
Nguyen Phong Hoang, Panagiotis Kintis, Manos Antonakakis, Michalis Polychronakis
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2018, ACM
Detecting Censorable Content on Sina Weibo: A Pilot Study
Kei Yin Ng, Anna Feldman, Chris Leberknight
In Proc. of: Hellenic Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 2018, ACM
Analyzing China's Blocking of Unpublished Tor Bridges
Arun Dunna, Ciarán O'Brien, Phillipa Gill
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2018, USENIX
MultiFlow: Cross-Connection Decoy Routing using TLS 1.3 Session Resumption
Victoria Manfredi, Pi Songkuntham
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2018, USENIX
An analysis of automatic image filtering on WeChat Moments
Jeffrey Knockel, Lotus Ruan, Masashi Crete-Nishihata
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2018, USENIX
A Bestiary of Blocking: The Motivations and Modes behind Website Unavailability
Michael Carl Tschantz, Sadia Afroz, Shaarif Sajid, Shoaib Asif Qazi, Mobin Javed, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2018, USENIX
Automatically Generating a Large, Culture-Specific Blocklist for China
Austin Hounsel, Prateek Mittal, Nick Feamster
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2018, USENIX
Proof-of-Censorship: Enabling centralized censorship-resistant content providers
Ian Martiny, Ian Miers, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 2018, Springer
Secure asymmetry and deployability for decoy routing systems
Cecylia Bocovich, Ian Goldberg
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2018.3, 2018, De Gruyter Open
How Sudden Censorship Can Increase Access to Information
William R. Hobbs, Margaret E. Roberts
Article in: American Political Science Review 112.3, 2018, Cambridge University Press

DeTor: Provably Avoiding Geographic Regions in Tor
Zhihao Li, Stephen Herwig, Dave Levin
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2017, USENIX
Characterizing the Nature and Dynamics of Tor Exit Blocking
Rachee Singh, Rishab Nithyanand, Sadia Afroz, Paul Pearce, Michael Carl Tschantz, Phillipa Gill, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2017, USENIX
Global Measurement of DNS Manipulation
Paul Pearce, Ben Jones, Frank Li, Roya Ensafi, Nick Feamster, Nick Weaver, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2017, USENIX
Augur: Internet-Wide Detection of Connectivity Disruptions
Paul Pearce, Roya Ensafi, Frank Li, Nick Feamster, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2017, IEEE
Mending Wall: On the Implementation of Censorship in India
Devashish Gosain, Anshika Agarwal, Sahil Shekhawat, H. B. Acharya, Sambuddho Chakravarty
In Proc. of: SecureComm, 2017, Springer
Dissecting Tor Bridges: a Security Evaluation of Their Private and Public Infrastructures
Srdjan Matic, Carmela Troncoso, Juan Caballero
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2017, The Internet Society
FilteredWeb: A Framework for the Automated Search-Based Discovery of Blocked URLs
Alexander Darer, Oliver Farnan, Joss Wright
In Proc. of: Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis, 2017, IFIP
Accessing Google Scholar under Extreme Internet Censorship: A Legal Avenue
Zhen Lu, Zhenhua Li, Jian Yang, Tianyin Xu, Ennan Zhai, Yao Liu, Christo Wilson
In Proc. of: Middleware, 2017, ACM
Your State is Not Mine: A Closer Look at Evading Stateful Internet Censorship
Zhongjie Wang, Yue Cao, Zhiyun Qian, Chengyu Song, Srikanth V. Krishnamurthy
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2017, ACM
lib·erate, (n): A library for exposing (traffic-classification) rules and avoiding them efficiently
Fangfan Li, Abbas Razaghpanah, Arash Molavi Kakhki, Arian Akhavan Niaki, David Choffnes, Phillipa Gill, Alan Mislove
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2017, ACM
The Random Forest based Detection of Shadowsock's Traffic
Ziye Deng, Zihan Liu, Zhouguo Chen, Yubin Guo
In Proc. of: Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics, 2017, IEEE
Online Advertising under Internet Censorship
Hira Javaid, Hafiz Kamran Khalil, Zartash Afzal Uzmi, Ihsan Ayyub Qazi
In Proc. of: Hot Topics in Networks, 2017, ACM
Measuring Decentralization of Chinese Keyword Censorship via Mobile Games
Jeffrey Knockel, Lotus Ruan, Masashi Crete-Nishihata
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2017, USENIX
The Decline of Social Media Censorship and the Rise of Self-Censorship after the 2016 Failed Turkish Coup
Rima Tanash, Zhouhan Chen, Dan Wallach, Melissa Marschall
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2017, USENIX
Autosonda: Discovering Rules and Triggers of Censorship Devices
Jill Jermyn, Nicholas Weaver
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2017, USENIX
An ISP-Scale Deployment of TapDance
Sergey Frolov, Fred Douglas, Will Scott, Allison McDonald, Benjamin VanderSloot, Rod Hynes, Adam Kruger, Michalis Kallitsis, David G. Robinson, Steve Schultze, Nikita Borisov, J. Alex Halderman, Eric Wustrow
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2017, USENIX
Lavinia: An audit-payment protocol for censorship-resistant storage
Cecylia Bocovich, John A. Doucette, Ian Goldberg
In Proc. of: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 2017, Springer
Internet Censorship in Thailand: User Practices and Potential Threats
Genevieve Gebhart, Anonymous Author, Tadayoshi Kohno
In Proc. of: European Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2017, IEEE
A Churn for the Better: Localizing Censorship using Network-level Path Churn and Network Tomography
Shinyoung Cho, Rishab Nithyanand, Abbas Razaghpanah, Phillipa Gill
In Proc. of: Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, 2017, ACM
Internet Censorship Capabilities in Cyprus: An Investigation of Online Gambling Blocklisting
Vasilis Ververis, Marios Isaakidis, Chrystalleni Loizidou, Benjamin Fabian
In Proc. of: E-Democracy, 2017, Springer
When the Internet Goes Down in Bangladesh
Mehrab Bin Morshed, Michaelanne Dye, Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed, Neha Kumar
In Proc. of: Computer-Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, 2017, ACM
The Waterfall of Liberty: Decoy Routing Circumvention that Resists Routing Attacks
Milad Nasr, Hadi Zolfaghari, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2017, ACM
The Devil's in The Details: Placing Decoy Routers in the Internet
Devashish Gosain, Anshika Agarwal, Sambuddho Chakravarty, H. B. Acharya
In Proc. of: ACSAC, 2017, ACM
DeltaShaper: Enabling Unobservable Censorship-resistant TCP Tunneling over Videoconferencing Streams
Diogo Barradas, Nuno Santos, Luís Rodrigues
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017.4, 2017, De Gruyter Open
Topics of Controversy: An Empirical Analysis of Web Censorship Lists
Zachary Weinberg, Mahmood Sharif, Janos Szurdi, Nicolas Christin
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017.1, 2017, De Gruyter Open
A Usability Evaluation of Tor Launcher
Linda Lee, David Fifield, Nathan Malkin, Ganesh Iyer, Serge Egelman, David Wagner
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2017.3, 2017, De Gruyter Open
Scalable Anti-Censorship Framework Using Moving Target Defense for Web Servers
Vahid Heydari, Sun-il Kim, Seong-Moo Yoo
Article in: Transactions on Information Forensics and Security 12.5, 2017, IEEE

Poisoning the Well – Exploring the Great Firewall's Poisoned DNS Responses
Oliver Farnan, Alexander Darer, Joss Wright
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2016, ACM
Satellite: Joint Analysis of CDNs and Network-Level Interference
Will Scott, Thomas Anderson, Tadayoshi Kohno, Arvind Krishnamurthy
In Proc. of: USENIX Annual Technical Conference, 2016, USENIX
SoK: Towards Grounding Censorship Circumvention in Empiricism
Michael Carl Tschantz, Sadia Afroz, Anonymous, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2016, IEEE
Analyzing Internet Censorship in Pakistan
Giuseppe Aceto, Alessio Botta, Antonio Pescapè, M. Faheem Awan, Tahir Ahmad, Saad Qaisar
In Proc. of: Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, 2016, IEEE
Leveraging Internet Services to Evade Censorship
Apostolis Zarras
In Proc. of: Information Security Conference, 2016, Springer
DNS-sly: Avoiding Censorship through Network Complexity
Qurat-Ul-Ann Danyal Akbar, Marcel Flores, Aleksandar Kuzmanovic
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2016, USENIX
Matryoshka: Hiding Secret Communication in Plain Sight
Iris Safaka, Christina Fragouli, Katerina Argyraki
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2016, USENIX
GhostPost: Seamless Restoration of Censored Social Media Posts
Frederick Douglas, Matthew Caesar
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2016, USENIX
Censors' Delay in Blocking Circumvention Proxies
David Fifield, Lynn Tsai
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2016, USENIX
The Politics of Routing: Investigating the Relationship Between AS Connectivity and Internet Freedom
Rachee Singh, Hyungjoon Koo, Najmehalsadat Miramirkhani, Fahimeh Mirhaj, Phillipa Gill, Leman Akoglu
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2016, USENIX
Games Without Frontiers: Investigating Video Games as a Covert Channel
Bridger Hahn, Rishab Nithyanand, Phillipa Gill, Rob Johnson
In Proc. of: European Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2016, IEEE
Slitheen: Perfectly Imitated Decoy Routing through Traffic Replacement
Cecylia Bocovich, Ian Goldberg
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2016, ACM
Game of Decoys: Optimal Decoy Routing Through Game Theory
Milad Nasr, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2016, ACM
Practical Censorship Evasion Leveraging Content Delivery Networks
Hadi Zolfaghari, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2016, ACM
SkypeLine: Robust Hidden Data Transmission for VoIP
Katharina Kohls, Thorsten Holz, Dorothea Kolossa, Christina Pöpper
In Proc. of: ASIA Computer and Communications Security, 2016, ACM
Fingerprintability of WebRTC
David Fifield, Mia Gil Epner
Technical Report, 2016, University of California, Berkeley
A Framework for the Game-theoretic Analysis of Censorship Resistance
Tariq Elahi, John A. Doucette, Hadi Hosseini, Steven J. Murdoch, Ian Goldberg
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016.4, 2016, De Gruyter Open
SoK: Making Sense of Censorship Resistance Systems
Sheharbano Khattak, Tariq Elahi, Laurent Simon, Colleen M. Swanson, Steven J. Murdoch, Ian Goldberg
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016.4, 2016, De Gruyter Open
Salmon: Robust Proxy Distribution for Censorship Circumvention
Frederick Douglas, Rorshach, Weiyang Pan, Matthew Caesar
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016.4, 2016, De Gruyter Open
Mailet: Instant Social Networking under Censorship
Shuai Li, Nicholas Hopper
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016.2, 2016, De Gruyter Open
CovertCast: Using Live Streaming to Evade Internet Censorship
Richard McPherson, Amir Houmansadr, Vitaly Shmatikov
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2016.3, 2016, De Gruyter Open
Internet Censorship Circumvention Tools: Escaping the Control of the Syrian Regime
Walid Al-Saqaf
Article in: Media and Communication 4.1, 2016, Cogitatio

Rook: Using Video Games as a Low-Bandwidth Censorship Resistant Communication Platform
Paul Vines, Tadayoshi Kohno
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2015, ACM
Known Unknowns: An Analysis of Twitter Censorship in Turkey
Rima S. Tanash, Zhouhan Chen, Tanmay Thakur, Dan S. Wallach, Devika Subramanian
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2015, ACM
Marionette: A Programmable Network-Traffic Obfuscation System
Kevin P. Dyer, Scott E. Coull, Thomas Shrimpton
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2015, USENIX
Monitoring Internet Censorship with UBICA
Giuseppe Aceto, Alessio Botta, Antonio Pescapè, Nick Feamster, M. Faheem Awan, Tahir Ahmad, Saad Qaisar
In Proc. of: Traffic Monitoring and Analysis, 2015, Springer
Alibi Routing
Dave Levin, Youndo Lee, Luke Valenta, Zhihao Li, Victoria Lai, Cristian Lumezanu, Neil Spring, Bobby Bhattacharjee
In Proc. of: SIGCOMM, 2015, ACM
Encore: Lightweight Measurement of Web Censorship with Cross-Origin Requests
Sam Burnett, Nick Feamster
In Proc. of: SIGCOMM, 2015, ACM
Rebound: Decoy Routing on Asymmetric Routes Via Error Messages
Daniel Ellard, Alden Jackson, Christine Jones, Victoria Ursula Manfredi, Timothy Strayer, Bishal Thapa, Megan Van Welie
In Proc. of: Local Computer Networks, 2015, IEEE
Examining How the Great Firewall Discovers Hidden Circumvention Servers
Roya Ensafi, David Fifield, Philipp Winter, Nick Feamster, Nicholas Weaver, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2015, ACM
Algorithmically Bypassing Censorship on Sina Weibo with Nondeterministic Homophone Substitutions
Chaya Hiruncharoenvate, Zhiyuan Lin, Eric Gilbert
In Proc. of: International Conference on Web and Social Media, 2015, AAAI
A Case for Marrying Censorship Measurements with Circumvention
Aqib Nisar, Aqsa Kashaf, Zartash Afzal Uzmi, Ihsan Ayyub Qazi
In Proc. of: Hot Topics in Networks, 2015, ACM
Can Censorship Measurements Be Safe(r)?
Ben Jones, Nick Feamster
In Proc. of: Hot Topics in Networks, 2015, ACM
Understanding Internet Censorship Policy: The Case of Greece
Vasilis Ververis, George Kargiotakis, Arturo Filastò, Benjamin Fabian, Afentoulis Alexandros
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2015, USENIX
Every Rose Has Its Thorn: Censorship and Surveillance on Social Video Platforms in China
Jeffrey Knockel, Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Jason Q. Ng, Adam Senft, Jedidiah R. Crandall
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2015, USENIX
An Analysis of China's “Great Cannon”
Bill Marczak, Nicholas Weaver, Jakub Dalek, Roya Ensafi, David Fifield, Sarah McKune, Arn Rey, John Scott-Railton, Ron Deibert, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2015, USENIX
Forgive Us our SYNs: Technical and Ethical Considerations for Measuring Internet Filtering
Jedidiah R. Crandall, Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Jeffrey Knockel
In Proc. of: Ethics in Networked Systems Research, 2015, ACM
Ethical Concerns for Censorship Measurement
Ben Jones, Roya Ensafi, Nick Feamster, Vern Paxson, Nick Weaver
In Proc. of: Ethics in Networked Systems Research, 2015, ACM
CacheBrowser: Bypassing Chinese Censorship without Proxies Using Cached Content
John Holowczak, Amir Houmansadr
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2015, ACM
Seeing through Network-Protocol Obfuscation
Liang Wang, Kevin P. Dyer, Aditya Akella, Thomas Ristenpart, Thomas Shrimpton
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2015, ACM
No Encore for Encore? Ethical Questions for Web-Based Censorship Measurement
Arvind Narayanan, Bendert Zevenbergen
Article in: Technology Science ., 2015,
Analyzing the Great Firewall of China Over Space and Time
Roya Ensafi, Philipp Winter, Abdullah Mueen, Jedidiah R. Crandall
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2015.1, 2015, De Gruyter Open
Blocking-resistant communication through domain fronting
David Fifield, Chang Lan, Rod Hynes, Percy Wegmann, Vern Paxson
Article in: Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2015.2, 2015, De Gruyter Open
Characterizing Web Censorship Worldwide: Another Look at the OpenNet Initiative Data
Phillipa Gill, Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Jakub Dalek, Sharon Goldberg, Adam Senft, Greg Wiseman
Article in: Transactions on the Web 9.1, 2015, ACM
Internet Censorship detection: A survey
Giuseppe Aceto, Antonio Pescapè
Article in: Computer Networks 83., 2015, Elsevier

Facet: Streaming over Videoconferencing for Censorship Circumvention
Shuai Li, Mike Schliep, Nick Hopper
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2014, ACM
LibFTE: A Toolkit for Constructing Practical, Format-Abiding Encryption Schemes
Daniel Luchaup, Kevin P. Dyer, Somesh Jha, Thomas Ristenpart, Thomas Shrimpton
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2014, USENIX
TapDance: End-to-Middle Anticensorship without Flow Blocking
Eric Wustrow, Colleen M. Swanson, J. Alex Halderman
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2014, USENIX
Censorship Resistance as a Side-Effect
Henry Tan, Micah Sherr
In Proc. of: Security Protocols, 2014, Springer
CloudTransport: Using Cloud Storage for Censorship-Resistant Networking
Chad Brubaker, Amir Houmansadr, Vitaly Shmatikov
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, 2014, Springer
Measuring Freenet in the Wild: Censorship-resilience under Observation
Stefanie Roos, Benjamin Schiller, Stefan Hacker, Thorsten Strufe
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, 2014, Springer
Detecting Intentional Packet Drops on the Internet via TCP/IP Side Channels
Roya Ensafi, Jeffrey Knockel, Geoffrey Alexander, Jedidiah R. Crandall
In Proc. of: Passive and Active Measurement Conference, 2014, Springer
VPN Gate: A Volunteer-Organized Public VPN Relay System with Blocking Resistance for Bypassing Government Censorship Firewalls
Daiyuu Nobori, Yasushi Shinjo
In Proc. of: Networked Systems Design and Implementation, 2014, USENIX
No Direction Home: The True Cost of Routing Around Decoys
Amir Houmansadr, Edmund L. Wong, Vitaly Shmatikov
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2014, The Internet Society
Censorship in the Wild: Analyzing Internet Filtering in Syria
Abdelberi Chaabane, Terence Chen, Mathieu Cunche, Emiliano De Cristofaro, Arik Friedman, Mohamed Ali Kaafar
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2014, ACM
Automated Detection and Fingerprinting of Censorship Block Pages
Ben Jones, Tzu-Wen Lee, Nick Feamster, Phillipa Gill
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2014, ACM
A Look at the Consequences of Internet Censorship Through an ISP Lens
Sheharbano Khattak, Mobin Javed, Syed Ali Khayam, Zartash Afzal Uzmi, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2014, ACM
GoHop: Personal VPN to Defend from Censorship
Yuzhi Wang, Ping Ji, Borui Ye, Pengjun Wang, Rong Luo, Huazhong Yang
In Proc. of: International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 2014, IEEE
Global Network Interference Detection over the RIPE Atlas Network
Collin Anderson, Philipp Winter, Roya
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2014, USENIX
Towards a Comprehensive Picture of the Great Firewall's DNS Censorship
Anonymous
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2014, USENIX
TRIST: Circumventing Censorship with Transcoding-Resistant Image Steganography
Christopher Connolly, Patrick Lincoln, Ian Mason, Vinod Yegneswaran
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2014, USENIX
Facade: High-Throughput, Deniable Censorship Circumvention Using Web Search
Ben Jones, Sam Burnett, Nick Feamster, Sean Donovan, Sarthak Grover, Sathya Gunasekaran, Karim Habak
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2014, USENIX
Toward automatic censorship detection in microblogs
Donn Morrison
In Proc. of: Data Mining in Social Networks, 2014,
A Censorship-Resistant, Privacy-Enhancing and Fully Decentralized Name System
Matthias Wachs, Martin Schanzenbach, Christian Grothoff
In Proc. of: Cryptology and Network Security, 2014, Springer
Reverse-engineering censorship in China: Randomized experimentation and participant observation
Gary King, Jennifer Pan, Margaret E. Roberts
Article in: Science 345.6199, 2014, AAAS

ScrambleSuit: A Polymorphic Network Protocol to Circumvent Censorship
Philipp Winter, Tobias Pulls, Juergen Fuss
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2013, ACM
The Velocity of Censorship: High-Fidelity Detection of Microblog Post Deletions
Tao Zhu, David Phipps, Adam Pridgen, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Dan S. Wallach
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2013, USENIX
Gaining Insight into AS-level Outages through Analysis of Internet Background Radiation
Karyn Benson, Alberto Dainotti, KC Claffy, Emile Aben
In Proc. of: Traffic Monitoring and Analysis, 2013, IEEE
The Parrot is Dead: Observing Unobservable Network Communications
Amir Houmansadr, Chad Brubaker, Vitaly Shmatikov
In Proc. of: Symposium on Security & Privacy, 2013, IEEE
OSS: Using Online Scanning Services for Censorship Circumvention
David Fifield, Gabi Nakibly, Dan Boneh
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, 2013, Springer
I want my voice to be heard: IP over Voice-over-IP for unobservable censorship circumvention
Amir Houmansadr, Thomas Riedl, Nikita Borisov, Andrew Singer
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2013, The Internet Society
rBridge: User Reputation based Tor Bridge Distribution with Privacy Preservation
Qiyan Wang, Zi Lin, Nikita Borisov, Nicholas J. Hopper
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2013, The Internet Society
A Method for Identifying and Confirming the Use of URL Filtering Products for Censorship
Jakub Dalek, Bennett Haselton, Helmi Noman, Adam Senft, Masashi Crete-Nishihata, Phillipa Gill, Ronald J. Deibert
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2013, ACM
Revealing Middlebox Interference with Tracebox
Gregory Detal, Benjamin Hesmans, Olivier Bonaventure, Yves Vanaubel, Benoit Donnet
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2013, ACM
Identity-Based Steganography and Its Applications to Censorship Resistance
Tim Ruffing, Jonas Schneider, Aniket Kate
In Proc. of: Hot Topics in Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2013, Springer
SWEET: Serving the Web by Exploiting Email Tunnels
Wenxuan Zhou, Amir Houmansadr, Matthew Caesar, Nikita Borisov
In Proc. of: Hot Topics in Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2013, Springer
Internet Censorship in Iran: A First Look
Simurgh Aryan, Homa Aryan, J. Alex Halderman
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2013, USENIX
Building Dissent Networks: Towards Effective Countermeasures against Large-Scale Communications Blackouts
Shaddi Hasan, Yahel Ben-David, Giulia Fanti, Eric Brewer, Scott Shenker
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2013, USENIX
Towards Illuminating a Censorship Monitor's Model to Facilitate Evasion
Sheharbano Khattak, Mobin Javed, Philip D. Anderson, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2013, USENIX
The Anatomy of Web Censorship in Pakistan
Zubair Nabi
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2013, USENIX
Five Incidents, One Theme: Twitter Spam as a Weapon to Drown Voices of Protest
John-Paul Verkamp, Minaxi Gupta
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2013, USENIX
Towards a Censorship Analyser for Tor
Philipp Winter
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2013, USENIX
On the Feasibility of a Censorship Resistant Decentralized Name System
Matthias Wachs, Martin Schanzenbach, Christian Grothoff
In Proc. of: Foundations & Practice of Security, 2013, Springer
Self-Censorship on Facebook
Sauvik Das, Adam Kramer
In Proc. of: Conference on Weblogs and Social Media, 2013, AAAI
Tweeting Under Pressure: Analyzing Trending Topics and Evolving Word Choice on Sina Weibo
Le Chen, Chi Zhang, Christo Wilson
In Proc. of: Conference on Online Social Networks, 2013, ACM
Protocol Misidentification Made Easy with Format-Transforming Encryption
Kevin P. Dyer, Scott E. Coull, Thomas Ristenpart, Thomas Shrimpton
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2013, ACM
Cover Your ACKs: Pitfalls of Covert Channel Censorship Circumvention
John Geddes, Max Schuchard, Nicholas Hopper
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2013, ACM
Message In A Bottle: Sailing Past Censorship
Luca Invernizzi, Christopher Kruegel, Giovanni Vigna
In Proc. of: Annual Computer Security Applications Conference, 2013, ACM
Collateral Freedom: A Snapshot of Chinese Internet Users Circumventing Censorship
David Robinson, Harlan Yu, Anne An
Technical Report, 2013, OpenITP
Dimming the Internet: Detecting Throttling as a Mechanism of Censorship in Iran
Collin Anderson
Technical Report, 2013, University of Pennsylvania

Secure Communication over Diverse Transports
Michael Rogers, Eleanor Saitta
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2012, ACM
Hold-On: Protecting Against On-Path DNS Poisoning
Haixin Duan, Nicholas Weaver, Zongxu Zhao, Meng Hu, Jinjin Liang, Jian Jiang, Kang Li, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Securing and Trusting Internet Names, 2012, National Physical Laboratory
Evading Censorship with Browser-Based Proxies
David Fifield, Nate Hardison, Jonathan Ellithorpe, Emily Stark, Roger Dingledine, Phil Porras, Dan Boneh
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies Symposium, 2012, Springer
Adapting Social Spam Infrastructure for Political Censorship
Kurt Thomas, Chris Grier, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Large-Scale Exploits and Emergent Threats, 2012, USENIX
Extensive Analysis and Large-Scale Empirical Evaluation of Tor Bridge Discovery
Zhen Ling, Xinwen Fu, Wei Yu, Junzhou Luo, Ming Yang
In Proc. of: INFOCOM, 2012, IEEE
Whiskey, Weed, and Wukan on the World Wide Web: On Measuring Censors' Resources and Motivations
Nicholas Aase, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Álvaro Díaz, Jeffrey Knockel, Jorge Ocaña Molinero, Jared Saia, Dan Wallach, Tao Zhu
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2012, USENIX
OONI: Open Observatory of Network Interference
Arturo Filastò, Jacob Appelbaum
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2012, USENIX
Bootstrapping Communications into an Anti-Censorship System
Patrick Lincoln, Ian Mason, Phillip Porras, Vinod Yegneswaran, Zachary Weinberg, Jeroen Massar, William Simpson, Paul Vixie, Dan Boneh
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2012, USENIX
One-way indexing for plausible deniability in censorship resistant storage
Eugene Y. Vasserman, Victor Heorhiadi, Nicholas Hopper, Yongdae Kim
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2012, USENIX
Inferring Mechanics of Web Censorship Around the World
John-Paul Verkamp, Minaxi Gupta
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2012, USENIX
How the Great Firewall of China is Blocking Tor
Philipp Winter, Stefan Lindskog
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2012, USENIX
SkypeMorph: Protocol Obfuscation for Tor Bridges
Hooman Mohajeri Moghaddam, Baiyu Li, Mohammad Derakhshani, Ian Goldberg
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2012, ACM
Routing Around Decoys
Max Schuchard, John Geddes, Christopher Thompson, Nicholas Hopper
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2012, ACM
CensorSpoofer: Asymmetric Communication using IP Spoofing for Censorship-Resistant Web Browsing
Qiyan Wang, Xun Gong, Giang T. K. Nguyen, Amir Houmansadr, Nikita Borisov
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2012, ACM
StegoTorus: A Camouflage Proxy for the Tor Anonymity System
Zachary Weinberg, Jeffrey Wang, Vinod Yegneswaran, Linda Briesemeister, Steven Cheung, Frank Wang, Dan Boneh
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2012, ACM
Technical analysis of the Ultrasurf proxying software
Jacob Appelbaum
Technical Report, 2012, The Tor Project
The Hidden Internet of Iran: Private Address Allocations on a National Network
Collin Anderson
Technical Report, 2012,
The Collateral Damage of Internet Censorship by DNS Injection
Sparks, Neo, Tank, Smith, Dozer
Article in: SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 42.3, 2012, ACM
How Censorship in China Allows Government Criticism but Silences Collective Expression
Gary King, Jennifer Pan, Margaret E. Roberts
Article in: American Political Science Review ., 2012,
Regional Variation in Chinese Internet Filtering
Joss Wright
Technical Report, 2012, University of Oxford

BridgeSPA: Improving Tor Bridges with Single Packet Authorization
Rob Smits, Divam Jain, Sarah Pidcock, Ian Goldberg, Urs Hengartner
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2011, ACM
Telex: Anticensorship in the Network Infrastructure
Eric Wustrow, Scott Wolchok, Ian Goldberg, J. Alex Halderman
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2011, USENIX
Scrambling for lightweight censorship resistance
Joseph Bonneau, Rubin Xu
In Proc. of: Security Protocols, 2011, Springer
Internet Censorship in China: Where Does the Filtering Occur?
Xueyang Xu, Z. Morley Mao, J. Alex Halderman
In Proc. of: Passive and Active Measurement Conference, 2011, Springer
Analysis of Country-wide Internet Outages Caused by Censorship
Alberto Dainotti, Claudio Squarcella, Emile Aben, Kimberly C. Claffy, Marco Chiesa, Michele Russo, Antonio Pescapè
In Proc. of: Internet Measurement Conference, 2011, ACM
Tor Instead of IP
Vincent Liu, Seungyeop Han, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Thomas Anderson
In Proc. of: Hot Topics in Networks, 2011, ACM
Hiding Amongst the Clouds: A Proposal for Cloud-based Onion Routing
Nicholas Jones, Matvey Arye, Jacopo Cesareo, Michael J. Freedman
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Automated Named Entity Extraction for Tracking Censorship of Current Events
Antonio M. Espinoza, Jedidiah R. Crandall
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Decoy Routing: Toward Unblockable Internet Communication
Josh Karlin, Daniel Ellard, Alden W. Jackson, Christine E. Jones, Greg Lauer, David P. Mankins, W. Timothy Strayer
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Bypassing Internet Censorship for News Broadcasters
Karl Kathuria
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Three Researchers, Five Conjectures: An Empirical Analysis of TOM-Skype Censorship and Surveillance
Jeffrey Knockel, Jedidiah R. Crandall, Jared Saia
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Infrastructures of Censorship and Lessons from Copyright Resistance
Wendy Seltzer
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
CensMon: A Web Censorship Monitor
Andreas Sfakianakis, Elias Athanasopoulos, Sotiris Ioannidis
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Fine-Grained Censorship Mapping: Information Sources, Legality and Ethics
Joss Wright, Tulio Souza, Ian Brown
In Proc. of: Free and Open Communications on the Internet, 2011, USENIX
Proximax: A Measurement Based System for Proxies Dissemination
Damon McCoy, Jose Andre Morales, Kirill Levchenko
In Proc. of: Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 2011, Springer
Cirripede: Circumvention Infrastructure using Router Redirection with Plausible Deniability
Amir Houmansadr, Giang T. K. Nguyen, Matthew Caesar, Nikita Borisov
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2011, ACM
Mapping Local Internet Control
Hal Roberts, David Larochelle, Rob Faris, John Palfrey
In Proc. of: Computer Communications Workshop, 2011, IEEE
Online Contribution Practices in Countries that Engage in Internet Blocking and Censorship
Irina Shklovski, Nalini P. Kotamraju
In Proc. of: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2011, ACM
#h00t: Censorship Resistant Microblogging
Dustin Bachrach, Christopher Nunu, Dan S. Wallach, Matthew Wright
Technical Report, 2011, Rice University and University of Texas at Arlington
An anomaly-based censorship-detection system for Tor
George Danezis
Technical Report, 2011, The Tor Project
Dust: A Blocking-Resistant Internet Transport Protocol
Brandon Wiley
Technical Report, 2011, University of Texas at Austin

Chipping Away at Censorship Firewalls with User-Generated Content
Sam Burnett, Nick Feamster, Santosh Vempala
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2010, USENIX
Fighting Censorship with Algorithms
Mohammad Mahdian
In Proc. of: International Conference on Fun with Algorithms, 2010, Springer
Empirical Study of a National-Scale Distributed Intrusion Detection System: Backbone-Level Filtering of HTML Responses in China
Jong Chun Park, Jedidiah R. Crandall
In Proc. of: Distributed Computing Systems, 2010, IEEE
A terminology for talking about privacy by data minimization: Anonymity, Unlinkability, Undetectability, Unobservability, Pseudonymity, and Identity Management
Andreas Pfitzmann, Marit Hansen
Miscellaneous, 2010 Version 0.34

On the risks of serving whenever you surf: Vulnerabilities in Tor's blocking resistance design
Jon McLachlan, Nicholas Hopper
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2009, ACM
Anonymity and Censorship Resistance in Unstructured Overlay Networks
Michael Backes, Marek Hamerlik, Alessandro Linari, Matteo Maffei, Christos Tryfonopoulos, Gerhard Weikum
In Proc. of: On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, 2009, Springer
Detecting Forged TCP Reset Packets
Nicholas Weaver, Robin Sommer, Vern Paxson
In Proc. of: Network and Distributed System Security, 2009, The Internet Society
SkyF2F: Censorship Resistant via Skype Overlay Network
Shoufeng Cao, Longtao He, Zhongxian Li, Yixian Yang
In Proc. of: International Conference on Information Engineering, 2009, IEEE

Pass it on: Social Networks Stymie Censors
Yair Sovran, Alana Libonati, Jinyang Li
In Proc. of: International Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, 2008, USENIX
“Good” Worms and Human Rights
John Aycock, Alana Maurushat
Article in: SIGCAS Computers & Society 38.1, 2008, ACM

ConceptDoppler: A Weather Tracker for Internet Censorship
Jedidiah R. Crandall, Daniel Zinn, Michael Byrd, Earl Barr, Rich East
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2007, ACM
The Great DNS Wall of China
Graham Lowe, Patrick Winters, Michael L. Marcus
Technical Report, 2007, New York University

Ignoring the Great Firewall of China
Richard Clayton, Steven J. Murdoch, Robert N. M. Watson
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2006, Springer
Failures in a Hybrid Content Blocking System
Richard Clayton
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2006, Springer
Investigating large-scale Internet content filtering
Sebastian Wolfgarten
Technical Report, 2006, Dublin City University
Design of a blocking-resistant anonymity system
Roger Dingledine, Nick Mathewson
Technical Report, 2006, The Tor Project

Censorship Resistance Revisited
Ginger Perng, Michael K. Reiter, Chenxi Wang
In Proc. of: International Conference on Information Hiding, 2005, Springer

How to Achieve Blocking Resistance for Existing Systems Enabling Anonymous Web Surfing
Stefan Köpsell, Ulf Hillig
In Proc. of: Workshop on Privacy in the Electronic Society, 2004, ACM
The Economics of Censorship Resistance
George Danezis, Ross Anderson
In Proc. of: Economics and Information Security, 2004,

Thwarting Web Censorship with Untrusted Messenger Discovery
Nick Feamster, Magdalena Balazinska, Winston Wang, Hari Balakrishnan, David Karger
In Proc. of: Privacy Enhancing Technologies, 2003, Springer
Government mandated blocking of foreign Web content
Maximillian Dornseif
In Proc. of: DFN-Arbeitstagung über Kommunikationsnetze, 2003, Gesellschaft für Informatik

Infranet: Circumventing Web Censorship and Surveillance
Nick Feamster, Magdalena Balazinska, Greg Harfst, Hari Balakrishnan, David Karger
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2002, USENIX
Anonymizing Censorship Resistant Systems
Andrei Serjantov
In Proc. of: International Workshop on Peer-To-Peer Systems, 2002, Springer

Tangler: A Censorship-Resistant Publishing System Based On Document Entanglements
Marc Waldman, David Mazières
In Proc. of: Computer and Communications Security, 2001, ACM
Dagster: Censorship-Resistant Publishing Without Replication
Adam Stubblefield, Dan S. Wallach
Technical Report, 2001, Rice University

Publius: A robust, tamper-evident, censorship-resistant web publishing system
Marc Waldman, Aviel D. Rubin, Lorrie Faith Cranor
In Proc. of: USENIX Security Symposium, 2000, USENIX

The Eternity Service
Ross J. Anderson
In Proc. of: Theory and Applications of Cryptology, 1996, CTU Publishing House

Selected Research Papersin Internet Censorship

Selected Research Papers
in Internet Censorship